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Contribute

Has Japan Really Apologized for WWII Atrocities?

12/10/2015

15 Comments

 
by Nicole Dahlstrom
Has Japan really apologized for its WW2 atrocities?
Did Japan really apologize for the horrible atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II? International headlines of Asians still demanding apologies from Japan’s current Prime Minister have many people across different age groups and backgrounds asking this question.
(continued) If you’re wondering what some of those atrocities were, you are not alone. Little is taught to Western youth about the Pacific side of World War II. Almost anyone you ask can tell you about the Holocaust and Germany’s repentance since, but very few Westerners can answer the question of Japan’s apology to it’s victims in the Pacific Region.

In order to answer this question, we need to first understand who those victims were.

“R. J. Rummel, a professor of political science at the University of Hawaii, estimates that between 1937 and 1945, the Japanese military murdered from nearly 3 to over 10 million people, most likely 6 million Chinese, Taiwanese, Singaporeans, Malaysians, Indonesians, Koreans, Filipinos and Indochinese, among others, including Western prisoners of war.”

The Imperial Japanese Army’s merciless massacres of civilians and prisoners of war is the reason for much of the controversy surrounding its role in Pacific World War II. Their gruesome resume includes atrocities such as; human experimentation(learn more here), biological warfare, use of chemical weapons, torture of prisoners of war, forced labor, sexual slavery, and perfidy.

The ‘Tokyo Trials’
The majority of these war crimes and their perpetrators were tried under The International Military Tribunal for the Far East, which was formed to try accused people in Japan itself. These trials were known as the ‘Tokyo Trials,’ and they primarily tried class A war criminals. The ‘Tokyo Trials’ represent the first major setback for Japan on the road to an effective apology. Although the trials saw 920 war criminals executed, 475 receive life sentences, and 2,944 receive some prison time, they failed to indict Emperor Hirohito and allowed many other accused right-winged war criminals to serve in post-war Japanese governments. This failure has had multiple ramifications on how Japan, along with the rest of the world, understand the war.  

Japanese leaders were able to escape blame swiftly because of the international pressures of the Cold War. Former enemies of Japan embraced the nation as a new ally in the Pacific. Dr. Shiro Isshi, the leader of Japan’s biochemical weapons program, and his staff were actually able to trade the information obtained from their experiments  in return for immunity in the Tokyo Trials. This type of pardon would be almost unfathomable for their German counterparts who caused the same kind of suffering through inhumane human experiments.

Official Apologies
For a comprehensive list of apologies issued by Japan please see this List of war apology statements.

Over the past 75 years, Japan’s leaders and people have taken many opportunities to offer their sincere condolences and remorse to the victims made to suffer by the Imperial Japanese Army. These attempts, although not meaningless, have failed on a large scale due to the perceptions of the victims, as well as Japan’s own sentiment towards the war.

Some of the most infamous victims of the Imperial Japanese Army include the euphemistically termed, ‘Comfort Women.’ Chinese experts estimate that around 200,000 women, mainly from Korea and China, were captured and coerced into providing sexual services before and during the war. Very few survivors of the ‘Comfort Women’ system are left alive today. In fact, the last Chinese ‘Comfort Women’ passed away this November 2015.

The struggle ‘Comfort Women’ have faced in receiving the apology they call for outlines the struggles of many victims of Japanese wartime atrocities. Apologies have been insincere and inconsistent. What these victims are really seeking is not just any apology from Japan - they recognize there have been attempts made in the past. They are seeking a legislative apology put into motion and agreed upon by a majority of the Diet. This type of apology would be binding unlike those official statements that have come from Japanese leaders in the past.

So, although there is a long list of official and unofficial apologies that have been issued, all have fallen short of what is actually desired by many victims.

Revisionism and Whitewashing
The final element in this complex issue reflects a notorious problem in history education and media. In many nations, including Japan, the history taught to youth is whitewashed or revised in order to create a better image for the nation and instill national pride. This problem presents itself in American school classes in regards to subjects like Native American history and the history of American slavery.

The version of Pacific World War II history taught to Japanese youth is not spared this nationalist treatment. Widely accepted facts about atrocities are denied and parts of history are glossed over. This whitewashing and revising in education, paired with outright public denial of certain widely accepted facts, like those about the ‘Comfort Women’ system,  has led many to question Japan’s sincerity when it comes to apologizing.

So, did Japan Really Apologize for WWII?
Officially, yes, Japanese leaders have issued countless statements of apology and remorse for the atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army during WWII. Whether it be pride, ignorance, or political gain, there are many reasons as to why these apologies have not fully healed the wound that was left. One thing that continues to hold true is this: “Those who forget history are condemned to repeat it.”

The best apology to the victims of any atrocity is to not forget them and their story.

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15 Comments
pangsb
12/15/2015 03:35:15 pm

Compare the apologies coming from Germany, Japan's is insincere. One Prime Minister apologize the next Prime Minister could deny.
The greatest failure is the US did not hang the Japanese Emperor for once and for all demolish the Emperor system like what it was done to Nazi of Germany.
Because the Emperor system still exist, China believe in the future maybe 50 years' time, Japan will attempt to again invade China.
Being a superpower, where is the responsibility of USA?

Reply
Willy
5/13/2018 03:41:42 pm

Oh, so do you tell me German paid reparation? German has not apologized as many times as Japan. By the way, for your ignorance, search for London Debt Agreement. Don’t twist the fact. Japanese government paid reparations much earlier to reestablish diplomatic ties with China and Korea.

Don’t react to the story with you knee jerk reaction.

Reply
Stillremembering
8/30/2018 08:13:13 am

Son you miss the point, Germany made a commitment to not repeat the past mistakes. The memorials and acknowledgement of the history is everywhere when you visit.

Japan has been happy to forget largely.
My family has had no appology despite everyone being in civilian camps in Indonesia. Beaten, starved etc. Children, women. The aged They were not soldiers,
But defeated prisoners who were denied a life and an entire generation did not have the chance to be children.
You think something to re-establish diplomatic ties, is a sufficient display of remorse? It's pathetic.

Wilson
7/3/2017 12:34:14 pm

I understand the US was/is a super power, but to push blame onto the country as if it is some sort of babysitter with supreme control to do such a thing is preposterous. Japan should have been punished more however it's not the US's fault nor responsibility to inact such a thing.

Reply
Willy
5/13/2018 03:32:23 pm

I am not sure exactly what they want? If it was an official apology, they got it. Right? Are they talking about monetary compensation?
They got that, too. Well not only once but three times. You can’t keep asking for more compensation year after year. Once you settle, you should just move on.

An apology is an opinion. You can’t force that. Especially, when you
sight bogus number like 200,000 sex slaves. Each sex salves were
allegedly raped 50 times a day. It would require at least 10 million sex
acts a day. Even if one soldier raped twice a day, you need at least 5
million soldiers. No wonder Japan lost. Next time, give a number
that’s a little more believable. Same thing with the massacre in
Nanjing. If that many people are killed, where is the mass grave?

Reply
Viviane Rose Wolfe
10/31/2018 12:55:24 pm

Read articles and books dear, you need it due to the clear stupidity you display.

Alice
5/25/2022 07:51:28 am

The amount of ignorance radiating off your stupid brain is actually concerning. Read a book

Jeffry Purdy
8/9/2018 04:09:09 pm

I’m 44 and we were taught Japan was guilty of the most heinous crimes against humanity during WWII. Just what they did to the Chinese before WWII and the Okinawan during the battle of Okinawa. How are we losing the history of these atrocities? This is the modern digital age. Our kids should be more informed than we were but yet they don’t know who Churchill was. They know what Kim Kardashian ate for snack on whatever date.

Reply
Wonderland
11/27/2018 08:46:28 pm

To Korean people,

You guys better stop asking more apology and more money to Japan.
It’s getting so ridiculous.
Don’t you guys feel ashamed doing that over and over again?

Also do you really believe 200,000 sex slave?
Be more realistic.
Study REAL history.

Reply
jyf
2/18/2023 03:08:46 pm

you might as denounce the holocaust is not true then...

Reply
Michael
3/12/2023 08:19:29 am

You are just a pathetic brainwahed japanese. Feel sorry for you.

Reply
NotfortheLDP
9/10/2020 03:15:54 pm

The real question is what is a true apology?

Reply
Hegelism
9/10/2020 03:43:30 pm

What history and experience teach us is this: that people and governments have never learned anything from history.

Reply
Noah Edelson link
11/24/2021 12:26:54 am

I'm pretty aware of what went down in all the WW2 theaters of war. I'm not sure how much apologies help when you are looking at numbers like 45 million dead in Russia and China, and 10 million women raped.The US also had many rape-camps going in Japan, and the Soviets raped 2 million Frau in vengeance- killing 2 million German civilians as well. That really was an incredible de-escalation of butthurt feelings - and a way to teach the people of a nation that they are responsible for the actions of their military. I wish we lived in a nicer world, where that sort of thing wasn't necessary. The sad thing is - the USA essentially became the home of the 4th Reich after the war- hiding and then employing the worst Nazi war criminals (like the "Butcher of Lyon", von Braun, etc.)- promising them they could pick up Hitler's sword and shield - to fight his greatest enemy once more. I hear we apologized for that (the Dirty War) eventually - but more recently helped the Ukrainian junta in a similar fashion. Japan didn't do anything like that. Its actions that speak louder than words, and the USA pursued some pretty gnarly actions. Not at the same scale as the Nazis; but (for instance) many estimates of the dead in Iraq top 1 million.

Yes, the Rape of Nanjing was heinous, as was the murder of about 14 million Chinese civilians. Now that China is emerging as the world's only super-power, there will likely be long-lasting repercussions of that. Hopefully it will just be economic domination. In any case- people don't like apologizing for the actions of their parents and grandparents, or their religious forebears either. It would have been nice to see Hirohito give an apology- yes, and the Pope too.(Hitler was a Catholic, after all.) But again- religious people don't like to admit that people who believe in the same God can act in an evil fashion. Only some random guys like Pastor Martin Niemoller did that- (the "first they came for the socialists.." guy) and probably because he/they spent 5-7 years in the camps, so they knew how bad it got.

Hegelism has it right: the governments of all countries don't learn the right lessons from war. They act like psychotic 5 year olds with toxic levels of nationalism generally, Einstein's called that "an infantile disease, the measles of humankind." You probably won't like his proposed solution, though. In case you are interested- he describes it in the most cogent essay he's ever written (IMO). You can find it on the site of its original publisher (it was originally written in 1949): MonthlyReview[dot]org[slash]Why-Socialism. If you must, consider it opposition research. :|

Reply
Jun
6/3/2022 07:58:41 am

Some comments here are just border inhumane. Lol but let’s leave it as it is.

I think, it’s not so much about monetary. It’s about Japan admit their atrocity to their own people, exclude those that commit these atrocities from their ritual praying to the national army (because it’s suppose to show respect for them protecting the nation, or fight for the nation, not doing inhumane thing), and commit to the international that they will not involve in such war and atrocities anymore like what Germany did.

Try to look at it as same level as holocaust in the east before commenting. For those that think we should just move on should ask themselves, why are we still talking about holocaust now?

I apologise if my opinion may sound naive but one thing I’m very sure is I’m not alone here. Think twice before commenting.

Reply



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        • The Hukbalahap
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        • Marking's Guerrillas
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      • Fall of Singapore - Guide >
        • Singapore World War II Timeline
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        • History of Singapore
        • Japan's Conquest in Asia
        • Japan's Invasion of the Malay Peninsula
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        • Social Changes and Challenges in Singapore
        • Voices from Syonan
        • Return to British Rule
      • Three Years and Eight Months - Guide >
        • Hong Kong before WW2
        • Buildup to World War 2
        • The Battle of Hong Kong
        • Life during 3 Years and 8 Months
        • East River Column Guerrilla Fighters
        • Prisoners of War Camps
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        • War Crimes Trials
      • Siamese Sovereignty - Guide >
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        • The Thai-Japanese Relationship
        • Phibun’s Domestic and International Policies
        • The Free Thai Resistance Movement
        • Post WW2 Aftermath of Thailand
      • The Khabarovsk War Crimes Trial - Guide >
        • Defendants of Khabarovsk War Crime
        • The Japanese Empire and USSR in WW2
        • The Employment of the Bacteriological Weapon in the War
        • Planning of Japan invasion to USSR
      • Unit 731 Cover-up : The Operation Paperclip of the East - Guide >
        • Establishing Manchukuo
        • The Development of Unit 731
        • Plan Kantokuen and Bacteriological Warfare
        • The Downfall of the Japanese WW2 Era
        • Three Stages of Interrogations
        • Lasting Impacts
      • Marutas of Unit 731 - Guide >
        • How did Ishii Shiro start unit 731?
        • A Beta Testing Site
        • Establishing Pingfan
        • Experiences at the Human Experimentation Complex
        • Vivisection at the Unit 731
        • Anta Testing Grounds
        • Overall Advance from the Laboratory Creations
        • The End of the War
      • Prince Konoe Memoir - Guide >
        • Who is Prince Konoe?
        • Preparation to Tripartite Pact
        • Emperor Hirohito and Prince Konoe
        • The End of Prince Konoe
      • Competing Empires in Burma - Guide >
        • What was the China-Burma-India Theater?
        • When did the China-Burma-India Theater Happen?
        • Who Fought in the China-Burma-India Theater?
        • The Second Sino Japanese War
        • Japan in the South
        • Operation U-Go
      • Battle of Shanghai - Guide >
        • The Battle of Shanghai. Background
        • Shanghai Before War
        • The First Battle of Shanghai 1932
        • Battle of Shanghai 1937
        • Aftermath of Battle for Shanghai
      • Ishi Shiro - Guide >
        • History of Biological Weapons and The Young Ishii Shiro
        • Establishment in Manchuria
        • Pingfang District - Harbin
        • Failures and Corruption
        • Post War
      • Taiwan The Israel of the East - Guide >
        • Background of Formosa
        • Industrialization of Japan
        • China During WWII
        • Taiwan under Kuomintang
        • New Taiwanese National Identity
      • Seeking Justice for Biological Warfare Victims of Unit 731 - Guide >
        • Introduction of Wang Xuan
        • Colonel Memorandum
        • The Beginning of Biological Warfare
        • The Bacteriological Warfare on China
        • Victims in Zhejiang’s Testimonies
        • After the War
      • Rice and Revolution - Guide >
        • The French Colonial Period
        • Anti-Colonial Resistance
        • The Rise of the Communist Movement
        • Imperial Japan’s Entry into Indochina
        • The Portents of Famine
        • The Famine (1944-45)
        • Legacy of the 1944-45 Vietnam Famine
      • Clash of Empires - Guide >
        • Japan’s Imperialist Origins
        • Japan’s Competition against the West: Nanshin-ron and Hokushin-ron
        • Japanese Imperialism Through the Lens of French Indochina
        • The U.S.-Japan Relations and the Pearl Harbor Attack
      • Hunger for Power and Self-SufficiencyI - Guide >
        • The Influence of War Rations on Post-War Culinary Transformations
        • How World War II Complicated Food Scarcity and Invention
        • American Military Innovations
        • Government-Sponsored Food Inventions in Europe during World War II
        • Feeding the Army: The Adaptation of Japanese Military Cuisine and Its Impact on the Philippines
        • Mixed Dishes: Culinary Innovations Driven by Necessity and Food Scarcity
    • Lesson Plans >
      • Reparations
      • Ethics in Science
      • Writing the Narrative of a Pinay Fighter
      • Privilege Journal
      • Environmental Injustices
      • Female Guerrillas
      • Hunter's ROTC
      • Scientific Advancements
      • Seeking Justice: A Humanities Lesson Plan
      • The Hukbalahap
      • Trading Immunity
      • Bataan Death March
      • Biochemical Warfare Development
Contribute