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Contribute

Education in Singapore During Japanese Occupation

6/20/2018

79 Comments

 
by Kelly Peng
Singapore Education after the Fall of Singapore
The Japanese occupation of Singapore took place from 1942 to 1945 after the British surrendered in February 1942. One month later, in March 1942, the Japanese government adopted an educational policy as part of the “Principles for the Gunsei Disposition of the Occupied Area”.
(continued) The objectives of the policy were to teach industrial technologies and the Japanese language as the lingua franca of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, to promote the spirit of labor, and to unite the cultures of the indigenous peoples of the southern region with Japanese culture under the spirit of Hakko Ichiu (universal brotherhood). Education was essentially a propaganda tool.

In order to make Japanese the lingua franca of the co-prosperity sphere, Japanese had to be taught in schools. The government’s desire to create a unified education system meant taking over the different language schools from the colonial regime. When the Japanese took control of English, Malay, and Chinese schools, they also set up a few Indian “national” schools (most of which were staffed by unqualified teachers and were used mainly to spread propaganda about the Indian independence movement). Colonel Watanabe Wataru (Chief of General Affairs Department) ordered primary schools to allow only Japanese or Malay as the language of instruction and to abolish the use of English, Dutch, and to ban Chinese for the time being. Teaching in Malay was permitted in Malay schools since it was the indigenous language and the Japanese encouraged the study of Japanese in other schools. Watanabe wrote about his reform ideas in a notice “Principles for Reforming School Education,” in which he said that Japanese language education at all levels must be emphasized to educate the people in their everyday life in discipline, obedience, and cooperation. Local teachers were required to learn Japanese as well. He regarded the retraining of local teachers as important, a “spiritual misogi (washing away of impurities)” that would eliminate the materialistic and individualistic western way of life that had stained the indigenous culture, and that would generate an oriental morality based upon seishin (the spirit of the imperial way).

Forcibly teaching Japanese was not easy to implement. Mamoru Shinozaki, a chief executive of the education department during the occupation, noticed that there was a shortage of teachers and textbooks. The first Japanese textbooks did not arrive until July 1942. Because of this inconvenience, upon opening the first school in April 1942, Mamoru had to allow the use of English.

Besides enforcing the Japanese language, the government also rejected the former British educational curriculum, which emphasized academic subjects, and instead, focused on character building, physical training, vocational instruction, and primary education. By March 1943, Singapore had six technical schools. In the same year, the medical college in Tan Tock Seng Hospital was reopened and two teacher training schools were opened. Even in technical institutions, the curriculum consisted of language training, indoctrination, and rudimentary crash courses designed to meet wartime needs. A six month course at the naval construction and engineering centre devoted half the time to learning Japanese. Similarly, in the teachers’ training colleges and the leading officials training institute, a significant amount of time was taken up in studying the language, “nippon (Japan) spirit”, military arts, and gardening. As part of this kodo seishin (spirit of imperial way) education policy, the gunsei kambu (Military Administrative Superintendency) observed Japan’s national holiday and enforced on people to participate in a ceremony in which they bowed in the direction of the imperial palace, shouted three cheers for the emperor, and sang the kimigayo (Japanese national anthem), and on December 8 listened to the declaration of war on the allied powers. This type of education was supposed to strengthen their bond of trust in imperial Japan and teach basic knowledge, skills, the spirit of labor, and self-sacrifice, while deemphasizing intellectual education.

Watanabe was interested in training manpower to unite young men around a common objective and to reconstruct a war-torn society. He established the Syonan Koa Kunrenjo (Asia Development Training Institute) in May 1942, in which trainees between the ages of 17 and 25 were trained for three months (later six months). The trainees underwent a rigorous physical and spiritual training along with language study. When Watanabe attended the Kunrenjo’s first commencement exercise, the cadets impressed him with their spiritual discipline and vigorous physical appearance. Even in a military-like training program youths were required to study the language and have spiritual training.

The intention of enforcing Japanese language lessons and technical training, idealizing labor, and unifying indigenous cultures with japanese culture was to promote imperial Japan’s vision for the larger Asian region, including the ideas of “Asia for Asiatics” and the “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”. These views supported the idea of the Japanese as the liberators of Asia from the enslavement of Western rule. To learn more about this, check out our publication. 

References
  1. Forging a Singaporean Statehood, 1965-1995: The Contribution of Japan By Di Robin Ramcharan pg. 93
  2. A History of Modern Singapore, 1819-2005 By C.M. Turnbull p.209
  3. New Perspectives on the Japanese Occupation in Malaya and Singapore, 1941-1945 edited by Yōji Akashi, Mako Yoshimura pg 48-49 ​

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79 Comments
charu yuvaraj
2/22/2020 09:22:46 pm

just a quick qn were the girls treated differently compared to the boys during this period of time

Reply
Dzaqybro
2/26/2020 04:02:00 pm

Idk

Reply
Caecool
4/10/2021 05:54:37 am

Yes they definetely were! I hate to say this but, they were raped and abused by the Japanese wayy more than the boys. You can go onto youtube and search for videos related to female abuse.

Reply
childp
4/11/2023 03:49:58 am

wait like uncensored

YOU BLACK NIGGERS
2/6/2023 09:03:03 pm

I FUCKING HATE NIGGERS THEY ARE SO FUCKING BLAACK AND NIGGER NIGGER

Reply
TWITTER link
4/18/2023 10:11:28 am

I am just a student using a government approved computer please do not ban me or make me in trouble if this is wrong just being curious on this

হ্যালো এটা ভারতীয় প্রযুক্তি সমর্থন মনে হচ্ছে আপনার কম্পিউটারে ভাইরাস লেগেছে কিভাবে আমি আপনাক
5/2/2023 10:42:24 pm

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NIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGERNIGGER

hujceswyweioguuwfeioe
5/2/2023 10:47:27 pm

μισώ τη μαύρη μαϊμού

white
5/4/2023 06:58:35 pm

I LOVE SLAVERY RAHHHHHHHHH

Beverly Lee
3/16/2020 09:19:08 pm

Are you sure the 2nd photo is taken in a Singapore classroom? I am referring to the 2 men in Japanese traditional costumes and children seated. Students in Singapore do not wear such thick long-sleeved jacket tops in the hot weather in Singapore. I think this photo shows a classroom in Asia eg China, Taiwan or Korea but not in Singapore.

Reply
Mak Kau Hijau
1/26/2021 09:12:03 pm

Fuck you! Your penis is as lembek as a sweet potato. Kan ni na penis licker. U wanker la go kys. Ur family die hahah

Reply
pantat
1/28/2021 05:07:25 pm

legend

££ link
2/21/2021 08:01:25 pm

Kau pehal Tiber

A student
3/22/2021 10:33:10 pm

Your word choice please, there are students reading this!

Nestor
3/22/2021 10:46:58 pm

Language

Nestor
3/22/2021 10:48:20 pm

U gangster. So vulgar

Nestor
3/22/2021 10:49:50 pm

U people no parents to teach respect

kaizer
3/22/2021 10:51:48 pm

bruh ken u not

seafoxy
3/23/2021 06:04:14 am

u gay

Creator of this website plz ban him
4/10/2021 05:56:40 am

You think you are so funny? Well you are not. If you were trying to gain attention then good job but all I am goin to say is that you are a horrible person. You saying all this is indirectly saying you are useless to society.

ARE YOU BOTS
3/6/2022 04:47:23 pm

MAKKKK KAU HIJIAUUUUUUUUUU WTH THAT NAME MAN

best man
5/2/2023 10:50:22 pm

LESSS GOO COMMON W FOR THIS MAN

HAHA
5/7/2023 09:11:46 pm

to the guy called 'creator of website pls ban him'
its kinda funny how you are mad over this. like really?? r u actually mad bro? you think you will make a difference with your comment??? i cant believe this at all. look who is talking, you probably have an even more miserable life. you have sunk so low in life till ur doing this. your call out is far worse than those targetting mrbeast. your so bad bro hahahah

sex
4/11/2022 05:41:12 pm

konek kau kecik siot. cb

Reply
NIGGER
2/6/2023 09:01:41 pm

NIGGER NIGGER NIGGER NIGGER NIGGER NIGGER

Reply
Texrftgyhujikmnbvhgcdr
4/5/2023 06:45:24 am

Racist son of a bitch

e link
4/5/2023 06:58:15 pm

ily

Twitter
4/18/2023 10:15:18 am

Hello N word :). I think you know who this is

slavery haver
5/6/2023 09:07:39 pm

I FUCKING HATE NIGGERS GO BACK AND PLUCK COTTON RAHHHHH

FUCK THOSE BLACKIES
5/7/2023 09:16:22 pm

I M A LGBTQ HATER HAHAHAH GOKYS HAHAHAhAHHAHAHAAHHAHHAHAH I LOVE HOMOPHOBIA HAHAHAHHAHAHA RAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH SLIT YOUR FUCKING WRIST GAYS AND LESBIANS YOU SERVE NO USE IN SOCEITY ALL YOU DO IS PROUDLY SAY 'umm actually pls dont use the wrong pronoun umm i m actually (insert idoit gender). HAHAHAHAHAH THERE ARE 2 GENDERS NOT LGBTQ HAHAHA. IF U R A FURRY I HOPE YOU BURN IN HELL!!
KILL YOUR SELF!!!
HAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA

General Rudol Von Stroheim link
2/2/2021 02:19:31 am

BRAKA MONOGA! DOITSU NO KAKAGU SEKAICHI!!!

Reply
ur mom
3/22/2021 10:34:57 pm

eat ur smelly kuchi

Reply
KAREN CHAN link
2/15/2022 10:09:47 pm

HAJFHJVAKDVRFKJGKA

Reply
ARE YOU BOTS
3/6/2022 04:42:53 pm

bruh,you guys dam lame eh,1v1 cod lah

CSGO HAVER
5/7/2023 09:18:41 pm

eh you even more lame lah play cod for what so lousy you think you so good

Another student
3/22/2021 10:37:44 pm

Guys please be friendly towards others and no insulting comments as it will hurt others.

Reply
shanti latni
5/7/2023 09:19:22 pm

it wont shanti lanti change anything

Reply
Bryann Kho
4/22/2021 05:48:03 pm

fucking chi bai dog pundeh your mother passs away is good i rambak you in toiet then you know ah you little faggot chao chi bai confirm your mother drop you on your ead one chao chi bai dog na bei cockeye

Reply
wwww man
5/2/2023 10:55:54 pm

common bryann W

Reply
Another another student
8/15/2021 04:23:29 am

Uhh u guys like what P6 ah still doing this. Bruh grow up

Reply
radom guy
5/2/2023 10:46:40 pm

slit your wrist

Reply
is
5/4/2023 06:51:00 pm

你笨过头了!我看你我想自杀!你这个lanjiao去跳楼!去和你妈妈在床上做孩子!你这个混蛋, 去吃个毛吧!你这么老鸭的一个人, 去被车子撞死吧!

Reply
stundent
5/4/2023 06:52:05 pm

bruh

guy
1/16/2022 03:26:58 am

people in the past needed to learn japanese now, I want to learn japanese for fun

Reply
dcsdfshrkg
5/2/2023 10:48:18 pm

Once a bomber, always a bomber

Reply
salakau link
1/17/2022 09:42:24 pm

auau salakau 369 forever your cock is

Reply
karen chan link
2/15/2022 10:08:29 pm

LMFAO

Reply
material gworl
2/26/2022 06:38:23 am

what in the orange ez link card are these comments bro

Reply
abcdefg link
3/21/2022 08:28:07 pm

lol i was peacefully doing my HI research and saw these

Reply
abcdefghi__lmnopqrstuvwxyz
3/25/2022 07:29:01 pm

omg same LMAO this is chaos

bangl man
5/7/2023 09:02:59 pm

যাও তোমার মাকে চুদ! আপনার পুরুষাঙ্গ এত ছোট যে আপনার পূর্বপুরুষ পর্যন্ত দেখতে পাচ্ছেন না! তুমি চিং চং কুকুরকে খাও! তোমার দেশে ফিরে যাও এবং রেকুন খাও

Reply
ARE YOU BOTS
3/6/2022 04:45:55 pm

god please help these children

Reply
SSSSSS
5/4/2023 07:01:10 pm

011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010011010101001101010000101111101010001010101010101010

Reply
god
3/7/2022 03:51:47 am

yess i have been summoned

Reply
ARE YOU BOTS
3/7/2022 06:24:41 pm

NOW,SUMMON THE ALLAH

Reply
Allah
3/7/2022 06:25:31 pm

wtf you want lah

Reply
sial
3/31/2022 05:32:11 pm

FUCK YOUR MOTHERRR

Reply
sure
4/11/2023 03:39:24 am

no shit

Reply
A resercher link
4/10/2022 11:14:06 pm

Is this world war 3?

Reply
reasercher
4/25/2022 04:51:23 pm

is trere any slauter house during ww2 in sg? and if thre is,where?

Reply
Sidney link
6/9/2022 11:39:51 pm

Great reaad thank you

Reply
Bhie Buena link
9/15/2022 02:26:24 am

Consider TUTOROO if you are looking for a native Japanese tutor in Singapore. You can hire teachers and native Japanese speakers to help you learn the Japanese language more quickly and effectively.
You can select your personal tutor using this link: https://www.tutoroo.co/japanese-tutor-singapore and communicate with them directly regarding the classes.
Visit their website for additional information. I hope this assists!

Reply
mak kau
1/4/2023 08:00:58 pm

sialla choa chibai mak kau backflip satu bumi bergegar siol

Reply
baba black boy
1/5/2023 06:12:29 pm

eh fuck youre mother lah cb mak kau hijau dapak kau lesbian pussy mak kau macam grand canion siol

Reply
Black Panther
2/5/2023 06:27:36 pm

WAKANDA FOREVER

Reply
Zxrctfyvguhbinjm
4/5/2023 06:48:58 am

Not the future ite students saying this shit, can y’all stop fr

Reply
MY AN
5/2/2023 10:52:49 pm

kys

Reply
bot link
4/5/2023 06:57:28 pm

hehehehae

Reply
ur mom link
4/18/2023 01:31:32 am

Knn wtf is this this sucking cock shit known as children. im ur omther stoopid pblack nigger. i was raised in a prestiged househole and will not swear unlike u fucking children who got raised in fucking long kang. bro u -ppl so unciivelised ul=nlike me u know. be better kids ok blackies nigger i hate niggers. NIGGER if u reading this fuck ur mother [pusssy and just fuck ur mother. nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger nigger


yours very mouch sincerly
ur mother

Reply
Twitter
4/18/2023 10:17:38 am

Hello UR MOM. I think you know who this is :)

Reply
edddddddd
5/7/2023 09:05:09 pm

www.youtube.com/playlist=9/Qu76vBl9/=true

sex haver
5/6/2023 09:09:38 pm

i had sexual intercourse with your mother last night🥵🥵🥵

Reply
Twitter
4/18/2023 10:19:16 am

Hello everyone :)

Reply
someome
5/2/2023 10:49:26 pm

elon musk go kill yoursef

Reply
elon musk hater
5/7/2023 09:05:45 pm

elon musk i luv u ur tesla blow up

Reply
Female abuser
5/2/2023 10:49:35 pm

i abuse females i rape people i will rape your girls next

Reply
student b
5/2/2023 10:55:12 pm

my guy you have gone too far

Reply
Manu balisitti
5/2/2023 10:51:53 pm

i hate niggers
i am a black mokey

Reply
shit g suks
5/7/2023 09:07:19 pm

I FUCKING HATE ANDREW TATE HE SHOULD DRIVE HIS DAMN UGLY BUGATTI OF THE CLIFF AND KILL HIMSELF! ALL YOU TATE DICKRIDERS!!! FUCKING SLIT YOUR WRIST HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAJ

Reply



Leave a Reply.

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      • Unit 731 - Guide >
        • Background of Biochemical Warfare Development
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        • Human Experimentation
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      • Philippines' Resistance - Guide >
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        • The Japanese Invasion & Conquest of the Philippines
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        • The Hukbalahap
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        • The Female Faces of the Philippine Guerrillas
      • Rising Sun Flag - Guide >
        • History of the Rising Sun Flag
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      • Pinay Guerrilleras - Guide >
        • Japanese Occupation of the Philippine Islands: Pinays Answering the Call to Arms
        • The Fierce Heneralas and Kumanders of the Hukbalahap Guerrillas
        • Amazons of the Pacific Theater
        • Filipina American Veterans: Recovering the Extraordinary Feats of the Ordinary Pinays
        • The Legacy of the Asian Women Soldier
      • Fall of Singapore - Guide >
        • Singapore World War II Timeline
        • History of World War II in the Pacific
        • History of Singapore
        • Japan's Conquest in Asia
        • Japan's Invasion of the Malay Peninsula
        • Sook Ching Massacre
        • Double Tenth Incident
        • Social Changes and Challenges in Singapore
        • Voices from Syonan
        • Return to British Rule
      • Three Years and Eight Months - Guide >
        • Hong Kong before WW2
        • Buildup to World War 2
        • The Battle of Hong Kong
        • Life during 3 Years and 8 Months
        • East River Column Guerrilla Fighters
        • Prisoners of War Camps
        • End of Japanese Occupation
        • War Crimes Trials
      • Siamese Sovereignty - Guide >
        • The Land of Smiles
        • The Thai-Japanese Relationship
        • Phibun’s Domestic and International Policies
        • The Free Thai Resistance Movement
        • Post WW2 Aftermath of Thailand
      • The Khabarovsk War Crimes Trial - Guide >
        • Defendants of Khabarovsk War Crime
        • The Japanese Empire and USSR in WW2
        • The Employment of the Bacteriological Weapon in the War
        • Planning of Japan invasion to USSR
      • Unit 731 Cover-up : The Operation Paperclip of the East - Guide >
        • Establishing Manchukuo
        • The Development of Unit 731
        • Plan Kantokuen and Bacteriological Warfare
        • The Downfall of the Japanese WW2 Era
        • Three Stages of Interrogations
        • Lasting Impacts
      • Marutas of Unit 731 - Guide >
        • How did Ishii Shiro start unit 731?
        • A Beta Testing Site
        • Establishing Pingfan
        • Experiences at the Human Experimentation Complex
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        • Anta Testing Grounds
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      • Prince Konoe Memoir - Guide >
        • Who is Prince Konoe?
        • Preparation to Tripartite Pact
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      • Competing Empires in Burma - Guide >
        • What was the China-Burma-India Theater?
        • When did the China-Burma-India Theater Happen?
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      • Taiwan The Israel of the East - Guide >
        • Background of Formosa
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      • Seeking Justice for Biological Warfare Victims of Unit 731 - Guide >
        • Introduction of Wang Xuan
        • Colonel Memorandum
        • The Beginning of Biological Warfare
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        • Victims in Zhejiang’s Testimonies
        • After the War
      • Rice and Revolution - Guide >
        • The French Colonial Period
        • Anti-Colonial Resistance
        • The Rise of the Communist Movement
        • Imperial Japan’s Entry into Indochina
        • The Portents of Famine
        • The Famine (1944-45)
        • Legacy of the 1944-45 Vietnam Famine
      • Clash of Empires - Guide >
        • Japan’s Imperialist Origins
        • Japan’s Competition against the West: Nanshin-ron and Hokushin-ron
        • Japanese Imperialism Through the Lens of French Indochina
        • The U.S.-Japan Relations and the Pearl Harbor Attack
      • Hunger for Power and Self-SufficiencyI - Guide >
        • The Influence of War Rations on Post-War Culinary Transformations
        • How World War II Complicated Food Scarcity and Invention
        • American Military Innovations
        • Government-Sponsored Food Inventions in Europe during World War II
        • Feeding the Army: The Adaptation of Japanese Military Cuisine and Its Impact on the Philippines
        • Mixed Dishes: Culinary Innovations Driven by Necessity and Food Scarcity
      • Denial A Quick Look of History of Comfort Women and Present Days’ Complication - Guide >
        • The Comfort Women System and the Fight for Recognition
        • The Role of Activism and International Pressure
        • The Controversy over Japanese History Textbooks
        • The Sonyŏsang Statue and the Symbolism of Public Memorials
        • Activism and Support from Japanese Citizens
        • The Future of Comfort Women Memorials and Education
    • Lesson Plans >
      • Reparations
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      • Writing the Narrative of a Pinay Fighter
      • Privilege Journal
      • Environmental Injustices
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      • Hunter's ROTC
      • Scientific Advancements
      • Seeking Justice: A Humanities Lesson Plan
      • The Hukbalahap
      • Trading Immunity
      • Bataan Death March
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